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Even scientists who have tracked the avian influenza for years are confused by its recent spread in dairy cattle populations. "There's a heap of unknowns right now," says Richard Webby, a virologist at St Jude Children's Research Hospital. What we do know is that the first cases of this H5N1 bird flu strain emerged among migratory birds in late 2021, and is now showing up among dairy cows and at a major egg producer in Mississippi. One person who had close contact with cows presumed to be infected with the virus has caught the virus.