{"id":4461,"date":"2023-01-24T04:48:34","date_gmt":"2023-01-24T04:48:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/?p=4461"},"modified":"2023-01-24T04:48:36","modified_gmt":"2023-01-24T04:48:36","slug":"why-do-people-believe-napoleon-was-short","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/why-do-people-believe-napoleon-was-short\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Do People Believe Napoleon Was Short?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Napoleon is one of the most well-known characters in history. He is famous for many things, but interestingly, his height is one of the most notable discussion points.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even in his day, Napoleon was often referred to as a man of small stature. However, much of the discussion of his height was likely related to a smear campaign to make him seem impotent and less-than-suitable for leadership.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Napoleon will forever be associated with being small, but historians are quite confident that he was not all that short for his day. People were not as tall on average during the 1700s and 1800s as today.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Various considerations of the different ways to interpret recorded statements about Napoleon\u2019s height indicate that he was likely just one inch shorter than the average height for men during this time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Emperor_Napoleon_in_His_Study_at_the_Tuileries_-_Google_Art_Project.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4462\" width=\"440\" height=\"734\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Emperor_Napoleon_in_His_Study_at_the_Tuileries_-_Google_Art_Project.jpeg 440w, https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Emperor_Napoleon_in_His_Study_at_the_Tuileries_-_Google_Art_Project-180x300.jpeg 180w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Napoleon Bonaparte, 1812<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Tall Was Napoleon?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Napoleon\u2019s death certificate offers the most important clue about his real height. There are varying descriptions of his possible height from other sources during his lifetime, but many of them can be considered suspect due to their origins.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No one without an axe to grind during <a href=\"https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/facts-about-napoleon-bonaparte\/\" title=\"8 Interesting Facts About Napoleon Bonaparte\">Napoleon\u2019s lifetime<\/a> would have been likely to comment on his height, and the topic was so sensitive to him that anyone who was in his good graces would have wanted to stay there. This meant that those within his inner circle stayed mum about this stature for their own well-being.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres_Portrait_de_Napoleon_Bonaparte_en_premier_consul.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4463\" width=\"533\" height=\"840\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres_Portrait_de_Napoleon_Bonaparte_en_premier_consul.jpeg 340w, https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres_Portrait_de_Napoleon_Bonaparte_en_premier_consul-190x300.jpeg 190w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 533px) 100vw, 533px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The death certificate indicates Napoleon\u2019s height in French inches, which is not the same as the current concept of an inch measured in cm.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The French inch was 2.71 cm at the time, but the current \u201cinch\u201d measurement would come out to 2.54 cm. The certificate has led historians to interpret Napoleon\u2019s height as between 5\u20192\u201d and 5\u20197\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The average height that most scholars agree upon is 5\u20196\u201d or 5\u20197\u201d. However, the male average during this period was 5\u20198\u201d, which means that Napoleon would not have been short in his day by any available measure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many well-known men during this period were slightly taller than this, but not many people loomed as large as George Washington, who was six feet tall.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our modern-day assessment of height is skewed by how tall people with adequate nutrition can be. For example, most Frenchmen during the time that Napoleon was alive would have been about 5\u20192\u201d to 5\u20196\u201d, so Napoleon would have been an entirely normal height.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">So Why Was Everyone So Concerned With Napoleon\u2019s Height?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Part of the reason that Napoleon might have been ridiculed for his stature was due to a nickname he had collected when his affectionate troops began calling him \u201cLe Petit Caporal.\u201d This translated to \u201cThe Little Corporal,\u201d but it was not a comment on his stature or ability to lead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is some truth to the fact that the hired troops, which made up a large portion of the French army, were not Frenchmen and thusly were often quite tall compared to French soldiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"755\" src=\"https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/2560px-Napoleon_Wagram-1024x755.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4464\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/2560px-Napoleon_Wagram-1024x755.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/2560px-Napoleon_Wagram-300x221.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/2560px-Napoleon_Wagram-768x566.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/2560px-Napoleon_Wagram-1536x1133.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/2560px-Napoleon_Wagram-2048x1510.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/2560px-Napoleon_Wagram-1080x797.jpeg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This could have led to the fond nickname that the troops did not know would become the foundation for so much critique of Napoleon\u2019s height throughout his lifetime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> However, while the nickname could indeed have been the reason for the initial critiques of Napoleon\u2019s height, which became so closely linked with his memory throughout history, other social and political forces were also involved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What is more likely to blame for the constant discussion about Napoleon\u2019s height is that he was a naturally boastful braggart, and he clearly offended many other leaders with whom he came into contact during his lifetime.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"769\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/George-III-Gulliver-Napoleon-I-king-cartoon-1803-769x1024.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4465\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/George-III-Gulliver-Napoleon-I-king-cartoon-1803-769x1024.webp 769w, https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/George-III-Gulliver-Napoleon-I-king-cartoon-1803-225x300.webp 225w, https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/George-III-Gulliver-Napoleon-I-king-cartoon-1803-768x1023.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/George-III-Gulliver-Napoleon-I-king-cartoon-1803-1153x1536.webp 1153w, https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/George-III-Gulliver-Napoleon-I-king-cartoon-1803-811x1080.webp 811w, https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/George-III-Gulliver-Napoleon-I-king-cartoon-1803.webp 1201w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 769px) 100vw, 769px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Napoleon portrayed Gulliver as Gulliver from Gulliver&#8217;s Travels<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He was incredibly offensive to the English, who were more than happy to craft a legacy for Bonaparte that was based largely upon the work of cartoonists like\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.npg.org.uk\/collections\/search\/portrait\/mw62678\/Napolon-Bonaparte-Maniac-ravings---or---little-Boney-in-a-strong-fit---\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" title=\"\">James Gillray<\/a>, who created the character of \u201cLittle Boney.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This short, swaggering, offensive cartoon depiction of Bonaparte was fastened upon with joy by offended Brits who disliked Napoleon and what he stood for.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"769\" src=\"https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Maniac-Ravings-Gillray-1024x769.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4466\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Maniac-Ravings-Gillray-1024x769.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Maniac-Ravings-Gillray-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Maniac-Ravings-Gillray-768x577.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Maniac-Ravings-Gillray-1536x1154.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Maniac-Ravings-Gillray-2048x1539.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Maniac-Ravings-Gillray-1080x812.jpeg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">England was concerned that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/how-did-napoleons-conquests-change-history\/\" title=\"How Did Napoleon\u2019s Conquests Change History?\">Napoleon\u2019s successful conquest of continental Europe<\/a> would lead to him turning an eye on the richness of England as his next target.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The enmity between France and Britain had been simmering for hundreds of years, and there was no shortage of reasons to make fun of any French leader who stood to threaten the supremacy of England.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Britain had colonial assets to attend to and protect from France\u2019s \u201cLittle Corporal\u201d as well, and they saw this interest in Napoleon\u2019s stature as a prime way to promote a France that was as impotent as the \u201clittle\u201d man who led them.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"740\" src=\"https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/james_gillray_napoleon_cartoon_pudding_metcollection-1024x740.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4467\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/james_gillray_napoleon_cartoon_pudding_metcollection-1024x740.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/james_gillray_napoleon_cartoon_pudding_metcollection-300x217.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/james_gillray_napoleon_cartoon_pudding_metcollection-768x555.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/james_gillray_napoleon_cartoon_pudding_metcollection-1080x780.jpeg 1080w, https:\/\/www.historydefined.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/james_gillray_napoleon_cartoon_pudding_metcollection.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It only fanned the flames when Napoleon sent a flurry of letters across the channel to request that England cease to make fun of him in this way. British cartoonists and the British press ignored his requests and carried on with their smear campaign that was proving to be so effective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Legacy of Concerns Over Napoleon\u2019s Height<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Concerns over Napoleon\u2019s stature have certainly continued to be a factor in how he has been remembered even into modern times. It is not uncommon to hear someone small, noisy, or bossy referred to as someone with a \u201cNapoleon Complex.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It has been over two hundred years since Napoleon was first satirized as a tiny, noisy, boastful little man, yet we still refer to this kind of behavior in his name.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Perhaps the most important legacy of concerns over Napoleon\u2019s stature is that his strong reaction to such criticism, and the positive impact that such satire had on worldwide opinion from a British perspective, showed clearly that satirical writing could be highly effective at swaying public opinion.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We are numb to satirized discussion since politics is rife with this tactic. However, the smear campaign that Britain enacted against Napoleon in the early 1800s was the first true campaign of this type to influence world opinion so effectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sources:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zelazko, Alicja. \u201cWas Napoleon Short?\u201d\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/story\/was-napoleon-short.%20Accessed%2013%20Jan.%202023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" title=\"\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/story\/was-napoleon-short. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dove, Laurie L. \u201cWas Napoleon Really Short?\u201d https:\/\/history.howstuffworks.com\/history-vs-myth\/napoleon-short.htm. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">History.com. \u201cWas Napoleon Short? Origins of the \u2018Napoleon Complex.\u2019\u201d https:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/napoleon-complex-short. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NGV International. \u201cNapoleon: Revolution to Empire.\u201d https:\/\/www.ngv.vic.gov.au\/napoleon\/facts-and-figures\/did-you-know.html. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rodenberg, Margaret. \u201cHow Tall (short) Was Napoleon Bonaparte?\u201d https:\/\/mrodenberg.com\/2013\/10\/24\/how-tall-short-was-napoleon-bonaparte\/. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Napoleon is one of the most well-known characters in history. He is famous for many things, but interestingly, his height is one of the most notable discussion points. Even in his day, Napoleon was often referred to as a man of small stature. However, much of the discussion of his height was likely related to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":4467,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4461","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-modern","category-people"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Napoleon is one of the most well-known characters in history. 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