The most popular artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots do not understand that people have personal beliefs that are not always based on facts, a new study shows.
The researchers evaluated 24 versions of the large language models (LLMs) behind AI chatbots such as DeepSeek, Google’s Gemini, Anthropic’s Claude, Meta’s Llama, and OpenAI’s ChatGPT, measuring how they responded to over 13,000 questions that tested how well they can tell the difference between a fact and a personal belief which may or may not be true.
