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The Conversation
André O. Hudson, Dean of the College of Science, Professor of Biochemistry, Rochester Institute of Technology

EXPLAINED: Uranium enrichment a chemist explains how the surprisingly common element is processed to power reactors and weapons - The Real Truth

Yellowcake is a concentrated form of mined and processed uranium. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, CC BY

When most people hear the word uranium, they think of mushroom clouds, Cold War standoffs or the glowing green rods from science fiction. But uranium isn’t just fuel for apocalyptic fears. It’s also a surprisingly common element that plays a crucial role in modern energy, medicine and geopolitics.

Uranium reentered the global spotlight in June 2025, when the U.S. launched military strikes on sites in Iran believed to be housing highly enriched uranium, a move that reignited urgent conversations around nuclear proliferation. Many headlines have mentioned Iran’s 60% enrichment of uranium, but what does that really mean?

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