Wild animals can experience trauma and adversity too − as ecologists, we came up with an index to track how it affects them
Psychologists know that childhood trauma, or the experience of harmful or adverse events, can have lasting repercussions on the health and well-being of people well into adulthood. But while the consequences of early adversity have been well researched in humans, people aren’t the only ones who can experience adversity.
The Conversation ·